{"id":74627,"date":"2025-12-27T14:55:27","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/?p=74627"},"modified":"2025-12-27T14:58:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:58:20","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8f%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8f%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u2026\u2026\u2026..  \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (Tejel, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 (1918\u20131923)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633\u2013\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 (1916) \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 (1920) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 (McDowall, 2004).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 (Altu\u011f, 2011).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 45 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 300 400 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Borain, 2022, p.12).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 82 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (Borain, 2022 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 McDowall).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 10,000 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 Seda Altu\u011f (Abrahamyan, 2016).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (Tejel, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u00ab\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u00bb<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u2013\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 (Encyclopaedia Britannica\u061b Encyclopaedia Iranica).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (\u0648\u0641\u0642 APA)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Altu\u011f, S. (2011). Sectarianism in the Syrian Jazira: Community, land and violence in the memories of World War I and the French mandate (1915\u20131939). Utrecht University Repository.<\/li>\n<li>Borain, L. (2022). The Kurds of Syria: Towards Self-Governance (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Cape Town.<\/li>\n<li>McDowall, D. (2004). A Modern History of the Kurds. I.B. Tauris.<\/li>\n<li>Tejel, J. (2009). Syria\u2019s Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge.<\/li>\n<li>Abrahamyan, V. (2016). Creation of the first Armenian refugee settlements in the Syrian Jazira (1918\u20131926). Academia.edu.<\/li>\n<li>Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kurdish language.<\/li>\n<li>Encyclopaedia Iranica. Kurdish Language: History and Classification..<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BAZNEWS\/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635&hellip; <\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":74628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tie-life-style","category-editors-pick"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74627"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74631,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74627\/revisions\/74631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baznews.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}