تمكنت الشمس الاصطناعية التي طورتها الصين من بلوغ درجة حرارة قياسية وصلت الى 70 مليون درجة، اي ما يعادل 5 اضعاف حرارة الشمس الحقيقية.
وذكرت صحيفة “ساوث تشاينا مونينج بوست” في كانون الثاني 2022 ان الشمس الاصطناعية وهي مفاعل نووي يسمى اتش ال تو ان توكماك طورته الصين ويعمل منذ ايلول 2021 ، تم تسخينها لمدة 17 دقيقة بحرارة 70 مليون درجة مئوية.
واستغرق بنـاء المفـاعل أكثر من 14 عاماً ويمكنه نظرياً الوصول إلى درجات حرارة تزيد عن 200 مليون درجة، أي 13 مرة أكثر من الشمس.
ويمكن لهذا المفاعل أن يؤمن احتياجات الصين الحالية من الطاقة مع تطوير طاقة مستدامة. في الواقع، من خلال محاكاة تفاعل الاندماج النووي الذي يمد الشمس الحقـيقية بالطاقة، يأمل العلماء في خلق “طاقة نظيفة غير محدودة.
وأجرى الباحثون مؤخراً اختبارات إضافية على المفاعل جعلت نظام التسخين الخاص به أكثر كفاءة واستدامة من أي وقت مـضى.
وعملت “الشمس الاصطناعية لمدة 1056 ثانية، أو 17 دقيقة و36 ثانية، بحرارة 70 مليون درجة، وهي حرارة أكبر بخمس مرات من تلك السائدة في قلب الشمس الحقيقية، بحسب إذاعة مونت كارلـو الدولية.
وقال الباحث المسؤول عن التجربة الأخيرة كـونغ شـيانزو إن “العملية الأخيرة تضع أساساً علمياً وتجريبياً قوياً لتشغيل مفاعل الاندماج.
وأنفقت الصين بالفعل حوالي 840 مليون يورو على المشروع. وبلـغت “شـمسها الاصطناعية” في مايو الماضي 120 مليون درجة مئوية لمدة 101 ثانية، ثم 160 مليون درجة مئوية لمدة 20 ثانية.
الهدف الرئيسي الآن هو الحفاظ على درجة الحرارة فوق 100 ملـيون درجة لفترة طويلة.
إعداد: نالين عجو
تحرير: حلا مشوح
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